Phnom Penh (ILO News) – Amid growing concerns over the impact of the economic downturn, the International Labour Office (ILO) warned in a new study that efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labour are slowing down and called for a “re-energized” global campaign to end the practice.
In its quadrennial Global Report on child labour, the ILO said that the global number of child labourers had declined from 222 million to 215 million, or 3 per cent, over the period 2004 to 2008, representing a “slowing down of the global pace of reduction.” The report also expressed concern that the global economic crisis could “further brake” progress toward the goal of eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2016.
“Progress is uneven: neither fast enough nor comprehensive enough to reach the goals that we have set,” said ILO Director-General Juan Somavia. “New and large-scale efforts are needed. The situation calls for a reenergized campaign against child labour. We must scale up action and move into a higher gear.”
Mr. Somavia added: “The economic downturn cannot become an excuse for diminished ambition and inaction. Instead it offers the opportunity to implement the policy measures that work for people, for recovery and for sustainable development.” The new ILO report, entitled Accelerating action against Child Labour, comes on the eve of a Global Child Labour Conference organized by the Government of the Netherlands in the Hague in cooperation with the ILO. Mr. Somavia said the impetus for action will be given a boost at the Global Conference, which is to consider a new "road map" for the elimination of child labour.
Trends since 2006
The new report’s findings are in contrast to the last quadrennial evaluation in 2006 which found greater cause for optimism. The updated picture is one of “uneven” progress toward the goal of eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2016. The report warns that if current trends continue the 2016 target will be missed.
The good news is that the overall pattern of child labour reduction has been maintained: the more harmful the work and the more vulnerable the children involved, the faster the decline. However, a staggering 115 million are still exposed to hazardous work, a proxy often used for the worst forms of child labour.
The report breaks down data by age and gender. Progress was greatest among children aged 5-14, where the number of child labourers fell by 10 per cent. The number of children in hazardous work in this age range fell by 31 per cent. Child labour among girls decreased considerably (by 15 million or 15 per cent). However, it increased among boys (by 8 million or 7 per cent). What’s more, child labour among young people aged 15 to 17 increased by 20 per cent, from 52 million to 62 million.
The Global Report also includes data aggregated by region. It shows, for example, that Asia Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean continue to reduce child labour, while sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed an increase both in relative and absolute terms. This region also has the highest incidence of children working, with one in four children engaged in child labour.
Constance Thomas, Director of the ILO’s International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), outlined some of the key remaining challenges in tackling child labour, including the scale of the problem in Africa, a much needed reakthrough in agriculture – where most child labourers work – and the need to address sometimes “hidden” forms of child labour, which are often among the worst forms.
“Most child labour is rooted in poverty. The way to tackle the problem is clear. We must ensure that all children have the chance of going to school, we need social protection systems that support vulnerable families –particularly at times of crisis – and we need to ensure that adults have a chance of decent work. These measures, combined with effective enforcement of laws that protect children, provide the way forward”, Ms Thomas said. The ILO IPEC programme was launched in 1992, and in the 2008-09 biennium it was operational in over 90 countries.
The global conference on child labour in The Hague on 10-11 May will gather some 450 delegates from 80 countries. The meeting will also serve as a platform for the launch of an interagency report by the ILO, the World Bank and UNICEF. The report, “Joining forces against child labour – Inter-agency report for The Hague Global Child Labour Conference of 2010”, calls for child labour to be placed at the forefront of national development agendas and presents a range of evidence ndicating that child labour constitutes an important impediment to national
development.
For Cambodia:
The Royal Government of Cambodia is one of the first countries in the world that has already committed itself to end the worst forms of child labour by 2016. This commitment was made last year on 2 June, during the World Day Against Child Labour, by the Deputy Prime Minister of the country. The Royal Government has
thereafter taken many steps to realize this goal.
Cambodia has a National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (NPA-WFCL), signed by the Prime Minister in 2008 which has time bound measures for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour. The country has taken many significant measures to implement the NPA-WFCL, including removing and withdrawing children from child labour, putting in place and strengthening coordination mechanisms on child labour, promoting livelihoods of the poorest of the poor families, improving knowledge and understanding on child labour, mobilizing employers’ and trade unions against child labour and setting up etworks of civil society organizations to combat child labour, etc.
To move forward towards the goal of the complete elimination of the worst forms of child labour by 2016, The Royal Government of Cambodia has now prepared a Roadmap to Twenty-Sixteen which has 12 important milestones in its journey to 2016. Please see Annex for the 12 Milestones.
Cambodia has also made an assessment of the additional resources required to end the worst forms of child labour by 2016. The Rome-based Understanding Children’s Work (UCW) project, a joint project of the World Bank, ILO and UNICEF, has stimated that Cambodia will require an additional amount of about $100 million to realize this goal.
